In the 1960s, some attitudes towards the depiction of sexuality began to change. European movies like K?rlekens Spr?k (1969) were sexually explicit, but were framed as a quasi-documentaries, which made their legal status uncertain.
One important court case in the U.S. was Miller v. California. The case established that obscenity was not legally protected, but the case also established the Miller test, a three-pronged test to determine obscenity (which is not legal) as opposed to indecency (which may or may not be legal).
[edit] Porn chic
More permissive legislation permitted the rise of "XXX-rated" movie theaters in the United States in the 1970s. There was also a proliferation of coin-operated "movie booths" in sex shops that displayed pornographic "loops" (so-called because they projected a movie from film arranged in a continuous loop).
At that time, pornographic movies even approached acceptance into the mainstream movie industry, with films such as Deep Throat, Behind the Green Door, Boys in the Sand and Gerard Damiano's 1972 film The Devil in Miss Jones being shot on film with high production values, and grossing substantial amounts in movie theaters. These helped establish "porn chic" as a cultural trend.
[edit] 1970s and 1980s: New technology, new legal cases
With the arrival of the home video cassette recorder in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the pornographic movie industry experienced massive growth and spawned adult stars like Ginger Lynn, Christy Canyon, and Traci Lords. One could now not only watch pornography in the comfort and privacy of one's own home, but also find more choices available to satisfy specific fantasies and fetishes. Similarly, the camcorder spurred changes in pornography in the 1980s, when people could make their own amateur sex movies, whether for private freak cock sex use, or for wider distribution.
It has been suggested that, among other things, Sony Betamax lost the format war to VHS (in becoming the general home video recording/viewing system) because the adult video industry chose VHS instead of the technically superior Sony system. Other attempts at innovation came in the form of "interactive" videos that let the user choose such variables as multiple camera angles, multiple endings (e.g., "Devil in the Flesh", 1999, Private Films), and computer-only DVD content.
1987 saw an important legal case in the U.S. when the de facto result of California v. Freeman was the legalization of hardcore pornography. Ironically, the prosecution of Harold Freeman was initially planned as the first in a series of legal cases that would have effectively outlawed the production of such movies.
[edit] 1990s
Two technologies became prominent in the 1990s that changed pornographic movies: the DVD offered better quality picture and sound, and was embraced by pornographers just as enthusiastically as it was embraced by major Hollywood studios and by private consumers. Erotic film producers are expected to play a major role in deciding the next DVD standard: large outfits tend to support the high-capacity Blu-ray Disc, while small outfits generally favor the less-expensive HD-DVD.[citation needed]
However, the internet arguably changed the distribution of pornography more than any earlier technology: rather than ordering movies from an adult bookstore, or through mail-order, people could watch pornographic movies on their computers. Rather than waiting weeks for an order to arrive from another U.S. state, one could download a pornographic movie within minutes (or, later, within a few seconds).
The internet also complicated legal prosecution of obscentity cases: if someone downloads a video clip that no one else in their town sees, are community standards violated? If a pornographic movie is produced in one U.S. state and downloaded in another state (after having been routed through half-a-dozen states via an internet service provider), in which jurisdiction should the legal case be introduced? These and related questions are still being sorted out in U.S. courts.
In the UK attitudes to censorship are becoming more relaxed. It is not illegal to make or to perform in pornographic films in the UK. Films with sexually explicit content have been shown on national TV.
[edit] 2000s
Attitudes to the portrayal of sexual activities on film and on television have become more open on this decade.[citation needed] For example, the film The Idiots, a Danish film made in 1998, was shown on UK TV freak cock sex in the early part of this decade. It includes nudity, an orgy scene, and a full sexual intercourse scene complete with close-up footage of the act. The camera viewpoint was from the ankles of the participants, and the close ups left no-doubt as to what was taking place. These scenes were included when the film was shown on the national TV channel, BBC2. The film has won many international awards for best film and various other film industry awards. Pornography movie is also known in eastern Asia as "Panu'.
[edit] Legal status
Main article: List of pornography laws by region
[edit] Sub-genres
Main article: List of pornographic sub-genres
Current pornographic movies can be divided into a number of sub-genres by the sex of the performers, the types of sex act portrayed, and the intended audience.
[edit] Criticism
Main article: Anti-pornography movement
[edit] AIDS and the porn industry
With the outbreak of the AIDS crisis in the 1980s, the pornography industry instituted a system of testing for HIV, the virus responsible for AIDS. The industry's voluntary system involves testing actors once a month for HIV. If the actor does not pass the test, he or she is barred from performing in any more pornographic scenes.
The system seemed to be effective, with very few AIDS cases among porn actors. Marc Wallice, a known IV drug user, tested HIV positive in 1998, sending shockwaves throughout the industry.
In April 2004, an AIDS scare rocked the heterosexual US porn industry when two pornographic actors tested HIV positive in California, the hotbed of U.S. porn production. The straight segment of the porn industry voluntarily shut down for 30 days (a 60 day moratorium was originally announced but it was lifted early) while it tried to deal with the situation.
As of August 2004, estimates put condom use in the straight porn industry at around seventeen percent of adult performers, virtually the same usage rate as before the industry scare. The gay porn industry is more adamant about condom usage in their productions.
Two actors, Darren James and Lara Roxx, initially tested positive, and were barred from further sexually explicit content production. About sixty actors who had contact with James or Roxx were freak cock sex barred from working until their next round of HIV testing was completed and they were declared HIV negative. A total of five actors were diagnosed with the virus by the end of the moratorium: one male and four females, including one transsexual.
James most likely contracted HIV while filming a pornographic movie in Brazil and then passed it to the other women, excluding the transsexual, who was considered an unrelated case. Roxx was shocked by the news of her HIV status, believing porn actors to be cleaner than the general public. This belief is now in doubt.
Due to this limited outbreak, the California State government is considering regulating the industry. Some propose to mandate the wearing of condoms during sexually explicit scenes. Industry insiders say this would ruin sales of their wares since the unprotected content is one of the selling points of some of their films. They say the wearing of condoms ruins the sexual fantasy of many viewers. Insiders say that such regulation would force the industry underground, where it would be more prone to health risks for performers. The non-profit Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation is working with the government, trying to develop policies that both the industry and the government would find acceptable.
Many different performers had performed in various sex films since the beginning of photography. Many so called "penny arcades" of the early 1900s had early frame flicker hand cranked films and "rotoscope" (Holmes-style Stereoscope) glasses that featured "racy" pictures of women in barebreasted pictures. But most performers of these early photograph and film recordings usually chose to remain anonymous due to extreme social pressure against open sexual actions.
The generally acknowledged first porn star from the United States with specific (stage) name recognition was Linda Lovelace, who starred in the 1972 feature Deep Throat. The success of this movie, which grossed hundreds of millions of dollars worldwide, spawned a slew of other films and pornographic film stars such as Marilyn Chambers (Behind the Green Door), Gloria Leonard (The Opening of Misty Beethoven), Georgina Spelvin (The Devil in Miss Jones), and Bambi Woods (Debbie Does Dallas).
This was followed by what is called The Golden Age of Porn in the mid to late eighties. Such legendary performers as John Holmes, Ginger Lynn Allen, Traci Lords, Veronica Hart, Nina Hartley, Seka, and Amber Lynn became well known in this era. In the DVD-dominated late 1990s, Jenna Jameson, Juli Ashton, Ashlyn Gere, Asia Carrera, Tera Patrick, Briana Banks, Stacy Valentine, Jill Kelly, and Silvia Saint emerged as mega porn stars.
Attempts in the 1970s to outlaw pornography in the United States by prosecuting porn stars for prostitution failed, as the courts made a distinction between someone who took part in a sexual relationship for money, and the act of portraying a sexual relationship as a performance for money.
The ability for people to view adult freak cock sex movies in the privacy of their own homes, owing to the popularity of the VCR (and now DVD) created a new adult market that could not be ignored. Additionally, the prevalence of the Internet has served as a catalyst for the sale of pornography. The production values of adult films declined dramatically in the attempt to create new films for ever increasing demand. As a result of this, there are hundreds of adult film companies today, releasing tens of thousands of shot-on-video titles annually. As a result, there are thousands of people working as pornographic actors to meet the demand for these films.
Male performers in heterosexual pornography are generally selected less for their looks than for their sexual prowess. This is not necessarily true of male porn stars performing in gay porn. Desirable traits include the ability to maintain an erection for a long period on a crowded movie set, as well as the ability to ejaculate on demand with maximum lateral trajectory. Ron Jeremy and Peter North are probably the most famous male performers. North is known for his ability to launch prodigious loads of semen at high velocity and Jeremy is known for his 9.75 inch penis and an appearance very unusual for a porn star (he is overweight and balding with copious amounts of body hair). Adding to his fame, Ron Jeremy has been a staple in the industry since the 70's and has become something of a cultural icon.
On the whole, male performers in straight porn are paid less than their female counterparts. Ron Jeremy has commented several times on the pay scale: "The average guy gets $300 to $400 a scene, or $100 to $200 if he's new. A woman makes $100,000 to $250,000 at the end of the year."[1] and "Girls can easily make 100K-250K per year, plus stuff on the side like strip shows and appearances. The average guy makes $40,000 a year."[2]
Because gay male porn generally pays men much more than heterosexual porn, a number of male performers, including North, appear in both heterosexual and gay pornography.[citation needed] Ostensibly, men who perform in gay pornography but identify themselves as heterosexual are said to do gay-for-pay; that is, perform in gay movies only for the paycheck, not because of any attraction they have to other men. Many female performers perform in both straight and lesbian porn, which have similar pay rates.[citation needed] The primary audience for "lesbian" pornography (commonly known as girl-on-girl) is heterosexual men.
While some pornographic actors perform in a wide range of genres, most genres have specialists who achieve most of their recognition in a specific niche market such as bondage or strap-on sex. With over 20,000 feature length films produced each year in the U.S. alone, many well known actors complete a film every one or two weeks.
[edit] Pornographic actors and STDs
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this freak cock sex article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time. This article has been tagged since January 2007.
Because of the nature of their work, usually involving sex without condoms, pornographic actors are particularly vulnerable to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
In the 1980s, an outbreak of AIDS led to a number of deaths of erotic actors and actress, including John Holmes. This led to the creation of the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation, which helped set up a system in the U.S. adult film industry where erotic actors are tested for HIV every 30 days. All sexual contact is logged, and positive test results lead to all sexual contacts for the last three to six months being contacted and re-tested.
This resulted in low rates of HIV transmission, and hence low rates of infection among erotic actors: it has been reported that not a single HIV test was positive in the four year period prior to 2004.
In 2004, a male performer, Darren James, tested positive for HIV. One fellow porn star, Lara Roxx, was identified and tested positive for HIV. James apparently had contact with 12 other women since his previous negative HIV test, though some suspect that Lara Roxx is truly "Patient Zero," and started the epidemic, as she was previously working as a street prostitute (where she had sex without a condom) before coming to LA. It is also believed by some that James contracted it during a film he made in Brazil and was himself "patient zero", which is more likely, seeing as when performers enter the porn industry HIV tests are done. Following the release of this information the heterosexual porn industry voluntarily reduced their workload for the next 30 days, as various contacts with both individuals, as well as others within the industry, re-evaluated and expanded upon their original programs dealing with this possibility.
However, accurate information about the extent of infection among those in the adult industry is unknown because no organization has ever done rigorous studies. The existing data suggest that pornographic freak cock sex actors have a much higher rate of STDs than the general American population. The Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation administered voluntary tests to a group consisting primarily of adult film workers. Of 483 people tested between October 2001 and March 2002, about 40% had at least one disease. Nearly 17% tested positive for chlamydia, 13% for gonorrhea and 10% for hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C. In addition, medical evidence on the occurence of HPV and genital herpes among the general population (who comparatively have fewer sexual partners) suggests that it would be highly unlikely for any experienced pornographic actor to not have at least one of these two STDs.
A sex worker is a person who earns money by providing sexual services. The term was coined by American prostitute-activist Carol Leigh (also known as "Scarlot Harlot") in the 1970s as a political term[citation needed]. It is sometimes used as a synonym or euphemism for prostitution, but most scholars define "sex workers" to include individuals who perform sexual or sexually oriented activities in the sex industry, such as strippers, erotic massage therapists, pornography actors and actresses, live sex shows, webcam shows, and phone sex operators (Weitzer 2000).
Depending on regional law, sex workers' activities may be regulated, controlled, or prohibited. For example, prostitution is illegal in many countries, but is legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, New Zealand, Germany, and Indonesia. In most countries, even those where sex work is legal, sex workers are stigmatized and marginalized, which can prevent sex workers from seeking legal redress for discrimination (e.g., racial discrimination by a strip freak cock sex club owner), non-payment by a client, assault, or rape.
Sex worker advocates argue that sex workers should have the same basic human and labour rights as other working people (Weitzer 1991). For example, the Canadian Guild for Erotic Labour calls for the legalization of sex work, the elimination of state regulations that are more repressive than those imposed on other workers and businesses, the right to recognition and protection under labour and employment laws, the right to form and join professional associations or unions, and the right to legally cross borders to work. Also, the legalization of sex work would allow it to be carried out in better organized circumstances (e.g., legal brothels), where regulations (e.g., requiring condom use and regular health checkups for sex workers) could reduce the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
freak cock sex
